Zero Draft
JOINT RAPID ASSESSMENT REPORT
Humanitarian Emergency in Preah Vihear
12 February 2011
Executive Summary
The border clash between Cambodia and Thailand has occurred on February 04, 2010 at Preah Vihear Province and caused thousand displaced families. They have to flee from their home villages to the safe areas in the Kulen and Chaom Ksan district, PreahVihear Province. There are 6 camps for evacuated families in Phreah Vihear province: Thnol Bek Camp (Oudour Kiri Toul Andeth Pagoda, Sen Monorom Primary School – Camp (Takeong Village), Khum Thmie School, Banteay Viraksena Toch (Military Base No. 122), Thmor Thom (Choam Khsan) and Toul Andeth Pagoda (Choam Khsan). These clashes have been declared by the Government of Cambodia as invading war from Thailand to Cambodia.
By 11 Feb 2011, there were 2,664 HHs of people affected were evacuated and flee from difference villages and locations: Svay Chrum, Prasath, Kor Mouy, Saem, Sras Kdol, Ankar Aid, Virak Sena Touch 371, Virak Senatouch Kapear Prum Den, Thamacheat. The displaced people have been living in very hard condition because they don’t have proper shelters, they stay at the rice field, school and pagoda‘s yards, they have limited access to water and health care services. They have also challenging with food shortage because they have brought nothing with especially women and children.
The immediate needs for them are food, healthy and safety shelter, drinking water and water use, health care services. However, affected families in each camp find difficult to access those needs due to many constraints. Therefore, they are facing with health issues such fever, dirrharea, cold and etc.
To response the needs of affected people for short and medium term, government and all stakeholder should hand in hand working on relocated camp and apply camp management strategy which insure affected people are able to live in healthy conditions: good environment and separated shelters, access the basic need services: water, sanitation, health and education.
Table of Contents
Executive Summary…………………………………………………………………………1
Table of Contents ……………………………………………………………………………..2
I. Introduction …………………………………………………………………………………3
II. Assessment Methodology ………………………………………………………………..4
III. Findings and Recommendations………………………………………………………4
3.1 Registration and Security …………………………………………………………….4
3.2 Water Sanitation Hygiene and Health …………………………………………….5
3.3 Shelter ……………………………………………………………………………………7
3.4 Food Security and Nutrition………………………………………………………….8
3.5 Education and communication………………………………………………………9
IV. Action taken to address food and nutrition issues ………………………………..10
I. Introduction
The border clash between Cambodia and Thailand has occurred on February 04, 2010 at Preah Vihear Province and caused thousand displaced families. They have to flee from their home villages to the safe areas in the Kulen and Chaom Ksan district, PreahVihear Province. There are 6 camps for evacuated families in Phreah Vihear province: Thnol Bek Camp (Oudour Kiri Toul Andeth Pagoda, Sen Monorom Primary School – Camp (Takeong Village), Khum Thmie School, Banteay Viraksena Toch (Military Base No. 122), Thmor Thom (Choam Khsan) and Toul Andeth Pagoda (Choam Khsan). These clashes have been declared by the Government of Cambodia as invading war from Thailand to Cambodia.
The Provincial Committee for Disaster Management- Phreah Vihear province have immediate reported to National Committee for Disaster Management (NCDM) and all stakeholders for humanitarian emergency response for those displaced people. Then, the NCDM and PCDM has called for emergency meeting with Oxfam, Caritas Cambodia, LWD, World Vision, CRC, and Save the Children to seek out the solution to provide the support to the evacuated people on 08 February 2011, provincial hall. All relevant agencies formed as group which includes PCDM and IOs/NGOs to work on 5 different sectors/clusters as below:
1. Registration and Security
2. Water Sanitation Hygiene and Health
3. Shelter
4. Food Security and Nutrition
5. Education and communication
The Rapid Assessment Team are led by H.E Ross Sovann, DSG of NCDM.
Team compositions are as follow:
- NECC/NCDM
- PCDM
- Caritas Cambodia
- Oxfam
- World Vision
- LWD
- Save the Children
- Local authorities
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| Finding Presentation 11 Feb 2011 |
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| Coordination Meeting 08 Feb 2011 |
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The objectives of this assessment are:
1. To understand the current situation of the refugees.
2. To access the emergency needs for affected families for short, medium and long term response.
3. To indicate recommendations and appropriate solution for short, medium and long term response planning.
II. Assessment Methodology
To conduct the rapid assessment, assessment team had to develop questionnaires for interviewing individual affected household and did focus group discussion. The interviewees are affected people, local authorities (PCDM, DCDM, Red Cross Branch- Province and District, village chiefs and camp leaders). Table 1 is summary of assessment methodology.
Table 1 Assessment Methodology
| Items |
Description |
Note |
| Method employed for data collection |
- Focus Group Discussion
- Interview
- Observation
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- In average 2 groups for each camp
- At least 5 interviewees/ households |
| Interviewees |
- District Chief ( Kulen District)
- Village Chiefs
- Monk
- Affected people (men and women)
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Camp leaders/ village leaders |
III. Findings and Recommendations
3.1 Registration and Security
Findings
The evacuated families immediately registered their names once they arrived the site. The in-and-out registration information has been informed to site manager in collaboration with CRC Branch. The method of the registration is done at the registration office. The settlement is mixing from different villages. The evacuated families are not informed to flee to any safe site if the clash happens. The site security is responsible by the local authority and military police but there is no contingency plan for emergency response at the site. Generally, the security issue including the security for children and women by now is not the concerns due to the controlling system arrangement by PCDM.
Recommendations
ü Registration
PCDM with CRC, and NGOs partner should collaborate together to arrange the registration system.
Registration list should be updated periodically and available on hand
Registration should be firstly prioritized for further response and should include most vulnerable in the list (children, women, disabilities, pregnant )
The registration should be done at check point which is located at entrance at each site to ensure the in-out registration when people enter or exit the site.
ü Security
Contingency plan should be in place
Temporary Settlement plan should be in place
Patrol system and security check point should be further strengthened in order to ensure that all activities of affected families and strangers that enter or exit the site is monitored and checked and also in order to ensure the special protection for children and women for at all time.
3.2 Water Sanitation Hygiene and Health
Findings:
Water, sanitation, hygiene and health are very challenging for affected people because they have lived in unorganised and unhealthy areas. Most of the camps are the public areas as school, pagoda, military building and trees which limited to water sources, sanitation services, and health care service. According to focus group discussion, there are some critical issues which remain in water, sanitation and health sector: limited water sources and available latrine which lead to health problems such as diarrhea, cholera, cold, and fever.
Each camp does not have sufficiency water sources for drinking water and water sources because each camp has maximum one well/pump and pond/stream and rotated water tank supported by Caritas (water tank) and PCDM (water and transportation). The refugees do not have enough drinking water for daily assumption because they received only 5-6 litters per/person/day and there are only some of them have bucket for water storage. According to observation, the water sources are about 200 – 300 meter from the camp and women are responsible to carry the water from those sources.
The refugees are able to access to latrine only those who have stay in public buildings like schools and pagoda but the latrine are not served all the population of the refugees. Inadequate solid waste and wastewater management lead each camp to become unorganized and dirty. Moreover, most of the people have limited understand to sanitation regarding washing hand, the impacts of defection in forest and nearby the camps. There are about 0-2 latrines in each camp are available but they are not sufficient and some do not work. Currently, there is bad smell around the camps.
According to interviewing, there are about 80% have diarrhea because they drink unclean and unboiled water. Moreover, there are some people have fever, cold, vomit which caused from the limited to water sources for water use and drinking water and limited health care services.
General Recommendations
Restoration of water sources: to restore households’ ability to cook, to return to clean and hygienic living conditions, and to reduce illness, they need access to sufficient safe water. Lack of water sources includes community wells, pond, boreholes and the river in the camp areas.
Response team should respond:
1) Distribution of water purification systems and
2) Install or built of water sources with the following objectives:
§ Reduce distance traveled to collect water
§ Sufficient water for HHs use (drinking, cooking, bathing, washing)
§ Water for drinking and HHs use is safe
Recommendations for Emergency Response in Short-term
The assessment team has observed and been suggested by the most victims for consideration immediately responds as the followings below:
- Provide safe sufficient water
- Low cost latrine and gender sensitive latrine for the public camps
- Awareness raising on water, sanitation, hygiene and health as burying of faces and promote latrine use
- Privacy bathing for women
- WASH and water born diseases awareness session ASAP
- Water reservoir, container, bucket and water filter
- Kettle
- Rubies bins
- 2 set of children clothes
- Mosquitoes net, scarf, mat, and hygiene kits for women and baby
Recommendations for Long-term
- Ensure sufficient water sources are installed
- Support and Train health post staff, chief camps and partner staff on WASH
- Participatory planning with evacuated people to selected hygiene practice and come up with action Plan
- Relocate/ move to other proper place
- Build water sources infrastructure
- Construct sufficient latrine to met the need of standard
- Set up the committees for water, sanitation and hygiene and health related issue
- Creation of linkages with relevant government departments and other stakeholders to solicit their support to the related WASH (soft and hard ware) issues
- Follow up and monitor for improvement in term of activities implementation and assessment
- To ensure affected people access clean water at least 15 LPPD
- To ensure women and men access washing and bathing facility
- To ensure affected people available water storage and water bucket
- To ensure women, girl, boy and men access hygiene and sanitation materials (cleaning soap, washing powder, kit sanitary pad and women sanitary pad and mosquito net)
- To ensure affected people access latrine 20 PPL
- Raise awareness on WASH (mostly not wash hand after defecation or preparing food etc…)
- To ensure proper install solid and waste and drainage system
- To ensure affected people access to health facility especially treatment
3.3 Shelter
Schools, pagoda and public areas have converted to shelters. The located camps are in two pagoda, two school, and two military building and threes. However, there is not enough shelters that allows affected families to live in a good conditions by individual household because there about 5-6 families in a tent (4m x 6m). Majority of women and children are very challenge to the current situation as they have to live mixing together with boys, girls, women, and men. The organization of shelter in the camp remains complicate to manage and mixing among villages. Therefore, there are some critical issues which have happened such as no privacy for women and girl and possible risks include harassment and gender sensitivity and violence. Currently, there are not enough tents in response to the needs that allow people to be able to live separately by their individual household. Moreover, unclean and unorganized camp lead to health issue.
Recommendations:
- Need to find available place for relocation especially people in the school buildings
- As an alternative, use mobile shelter for their temporary use and should collected when the situation is better off
- Organize the cam: Classify by village and separate households.
- At least 1-2 tent (4m x 6m) for a family (as roof and mat) for immediate responses
- The distance between shelters should be 2 meters
- Camp management and operation based
3.4 Food Security and Nutrition
Findings:
Food is the most challenging for evacuated families because they left home with nothing. Moreover, local market and mobile markets are normally functioning with stable price but the markets located at the conflict area were closed and they goods’ price were increasing doubly. In addition, most of evacuated families are military’s families depending on only government monthly salary with 22 kg of rice/month. Since the war started till assessment day (10 Feb 2011), the evacuated families have received relief from various institutions both government and IOs /NGOs, the kits included tent, rice, drinking water, instant noodle, mat, blanket, mosquito net, and etc.. However, the food is last only for 10-20 days, the food do not contain enough nutrition because they eat less vegetables, meet, fat, and sugar. There is also a problem for the new comers because they have not received any relief yet due to poor registration system. So far the food has been distributed by CRC, Government, Caritas Cambodia; therefore; each family at least got 10-50 kg for immediate help.
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| Relief Distribution by Caritas Cambodia and Oxfam |
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Even, they have received rice and other food items but the cooking utensils are still in need because they are not able to afford those things.
Livelihoods groups of the affected such as motor taxi, petty trade, selling local cakes, vegetable planting, produce local with wine, charcoal producer, thatch weaving, livestock raising and selling labour completely loss of their daily income due to crisis. These people spend daily income for food all year round especially rice as they did not cultivate rice and own any rice fields.
Affected families especially women are worry about their productive assets such as draught animals, rice seeds and stock, chickens, dugs and farming product which left at their home village.
General Recommendations:
Short term
- All relief assistance should follow The Minimum Standard (2,100 Kcal PPPD including protein, fat and vitamin etc…)
- All stakeholders should continue provided food assistance mainly meals since most of donors have provided them rice
- Keep monitoring on food security and nutrition
- PCDM take lead on overall management in every camp (registration, communication etc.)
- To ensure that the affected families who have not yet received food assistance got supported
- PCDM coordinate with donors to support kitchen utensils (kettle, pots, pan, plates, spoon and bowl) so that people would be able to use properly
- PCDM should take lead on coordination with LNGOs, NGOs and authorities for the overall emergency response
- PCDM regularly share information to other stakeholder
Medium and long term
- Should support vulnerable livelihood groups mentioned above to have their livelihoods recover when the go back home
- PCDM should develop provincial contingency plan
- PCDM should organise safe areas with enough facilities such as water, sanitation, hygiene, health, food security and nutrition, shelter, children and education and camp management
3.5 Education and Communication
Findings:
Two schools have converted to be shelter and closed. Pre-school impacts: there are 4 schools closed, 225 students did not attend the schools (54.27% of total students in the province) and 4 primary schools schools closed, affected to 29% of total students in province.
Recommendations:
Short term recommendation (1-2 weeks)
- To have a safety mobile school in Cham Khsan district
- To have mobile school for children and kids for temporary
- To have mobile teacher in all mobile school in camp
Medium term recommendation (1 month)
School management system:
- School site
- Teacher
- School materials
- Classroom materials
- Leaflet
Long term recommendation (3 months)
Monitoring and coordination
- School site
- Teacher
- School materials
- Classroom materials
- Leaflet
- Mainstreaming self protection in emergency into curriculum
IV. Action taken to address food and nutrition issues
By 10 Feb 2011, there are many institution have taken emergency response, they are as below:
Ø Oxfam:
- On 5 February 2011, Oxfam donated to PCDM to distribute 400 water containers (80L) in three camps (Trapang Sanke pagoda, Thmar Thom pagoda and Chhoam Khsan pagoda).
- 8 February 2011, Oxfam donated 349 water containers (80L) and 828 water buckets (16L) to PCDM. PCDM distributed 884 water buckets (16L)
- 9 Feb 11, PCDM distributed the remaining
Ø Caritas Cambodia:
- 05-06 Feb 11, distributed 355 HHs
- 8 Feb 11, distributed 1096 HHs
- Caritas installed 2 water tank (2000 L) and 2 water tank (1500L) in Oudar Toul Andet pagoda and 1 more water tank (1500 L) in Takeung pagoda
Each house hold received rice 25 Kg; one mosquito net; one blanket; one Krama, one sarong, one sleeping mate and two set of clothes.
Ø Government:
Governor from Battambang and Siem Reab distributed to 400 HHs in Takeung School. Each house hold reviewed 120,000 R, 31 Kg of rice, 75 instant noodles, 2 bottle of soy fish, 2 bottle of soy source, 2 Kg of prahoc, 12 bottle of drinking water and 8 fish cans.
Ø Cambodian Red Cross:
- Plastic sheets, water buckets (16L) and 10 package of instant noodle,
- 9 Feb 11, CRC distributed 1,589 HHs
- 10 Feb 11, CRC plan to distribute will distribute 1,281 HHs
Each house hold received 25 Kg of rice, 30 packages of instant noodle, one blanket, one sarong, one kramar, 8 fish can, 1 Kg of salt, 2 bottle of soy source, 12 bottle of drinking water and one jacket.
Ø Department of Health:
- 30 mosquito nets for 30 HHs
- Installed mobile clinic in every camp
Ø Organisation working for IDP
- Government (NCDM, PCDM, DCDM, CCDM including local authorities)
- Humanitarian organisation such as Caritas, Oxfam, LWD, WV, Save the children and CRC
Appendix:
- Agenda of assessment
- Number of people affected
- Seasonal calendar in normal year
- Assessment team for food security and nutrition
- Assessment check list for logistic
- Assessment check list for water sanitation and hygiene
- Assessment check list for health
- Assessment check list for shelter
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