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Zero Draft JOINT RAPID ASSESSMENT REPORT Humanitarian Emergency in Preah Vihear 12 February 2011 Executive Summary The border clash between Cambodia and Thailand has occurred on February 04, 2010 at Preah Vihear Province and caused thousand displaced families. They have to flee from their home villages to the safe areas in the Kulen and Chaom Ksan district, PreahVihear Province. There are 6 camps for evacuated families in Phreah Vihear province: Thnol Bek Camp (Oudour Kiri Toul Andeth Pagoda, Sen Monorom Primary School – Camp (Takeong Village), Khum Thmie School, Banteay Viraksena Toch (Military Base No. 122), Thmor Thom (Choam Khsan) and Toul Andeth Pagoda (Choam Khsan). These clashes have been declared by the Government of Cambodia as invading war from Thailand to Cambodia. By 11 Feb 2011, there were 2,664 HHs of people affected were evacuated and flee from difference villages and locations: Svay Chrum, Prasath, Kor Mouy, Saem, Sras Kdol, Ankar Aid, Virak Sena Touch 371, Virak Senatouch Kapear Prum Den, Thamacheat. The displaced people have been living in very hard condition because they don’t have proper shelters, they stay at the rice field, school and pagoda‘s yards, they have limited access to water and health care services. They have also challenging with food shortage because they have brought nothing with especially women and children. The immediate needs for them are food, healthy and safety shelter, drinking water and water use, health care services. However, affected families in each camp find difficult to access those needs due to many constraints. Therefore, they are facing with health issues such fever, dirrharea, cold and etc. To response the needs of affected people for short and medium term, government and all stakeholder should hand in hand working on relocated camp and apply camp management strategy which insure affected people are able to live in healthy conditions: good environment and separated shelters, access the basic need services: water, sanitation, health and education. Table of Contents Executive Summary…………………………………………………………………………1 Table of Contents ……………………………………………………………………………..2 I. Introduction …………………………………………………………………………………3 II. Assessment Methodology ………………………………………………………………..4 III. Findings and Recommendations………………………………………………………4 3.1 Registration and Security …………………………………………………………….4 3.2 Water Sanitation Hygiene and Health …………………………………………….5 3.3 Shelter ……………………………………………………………………………………7 3.4 Food Security and Nutrition………………………………………………………….8 3.5 Education and communication………………………………………………………9 IV. Action taken to address food and nutrition issues ………………………………..10
I. IntroductionThe border clash between Cambodia and Thailand has occurred on February 04, 2010 at Preah Vihear Province and caused thousand displaced families. They have to flee from their home villages to the safe areas in the Kulen and Chaom Ksan district, PreahVihear Province. There are 6 camps for evacuated families in Phreah Vihear province: Thnol Bek Camp (Oudour Kiri Toul Andeth Pagoda, Sen Monorom Primary School – Camp (Takeong Village), Khum Thmie School, Banteay Viraksena Toch (Military Base No. 122), Thmor Thom (Choam Khsan) and Toul Andeth Pagoda (Choam Khsan). These clashes have been declared by the Government of Cambodia as invading war from Thailand to Cambodia. The Provincial Committee for Disaster Management- Phreah Vihear province have immediate reported to National Committee for Disaster Management (NCDM) and all stakeholders for humanitarian emergency response for those displaced people. Then, the NCDM and PCDM has called for emergency meeting with Oxfam, Caritas Cambodia, LWD, World Vision, CRC, and Save the Children to seek out the solution to provide the support to the evacuated people on 08 February 2011, provincial hall. All relevant agencies formed as group which includes PCDM and IOs/NGOs to work on 5 different sectors/clusters as below: 1. Registration and Security 2. Water Sanitation Hygiene and Health 3. Shelter 4. Food Security and Nutrition 5. Education and communication The Rapid Assessment Team are led by H.E Ross Sovann, DSG of NCDM. Team compositions are as follow: - NECC/NCDM - PCDM - Caritas Cambodia - Oxfam - World Vision - LWD - Save the Children - Local authorities
The objectives of this assessment are: 1. To understand the current situation of the refugees. 2. To access the emergency needs for affected families for short, medium and long term response. 3. To indicate recommendations and appropriate solution for short, medium and long term response planning. II. Assessment Methodology To conduct the rapid assessment, assessment team had to develop questionnaires for interviewing individual affected household and did focus group discussion. The interviewees are affected people, local authorities (PCDM, DCDM, Red Cross Branch- Province and District, village chiefs and camp leaders). Table 1 is summary of assessment methodology. Table 1 Assessment Methodology
III. Findings and Recommendations 3.1 Registration and Security Findings The evacuated families immediately registered their names once they arrived the site. The in-and-out registration information has been informed to site manager in collaboration with CRC Branch. The method of the registration is done at the registration office. The settlement is mixing from different villages. The evacuated families are not informed to flee to any safe site if the clash happens. The site security is responsible by the local authority and military police but there is no contingency plan for emergency response at the site. Generally, the security issue including the security for children and women by now is not the concerns due to the controlling system arrangement by PCDM. Recommendations ü Registration PCDM with CRC, and NGOs partner should collaborate together to arrange the registration system. Registration list should be updated periodically and available on hand Registration should be firstly prioritized for further response and should include most vulnerable in the list (children, women, disabilities, pregnant ) The registration should be done at check point which is located at entrance at each site to ensure the in-out registration when people enter or exit the site. ü Security Contingency plan should be in place Temporary Settlement plan should be in place Patrol system and security check point should be further strengthened in order to ensure that all activities of affected families and strangers that enter or exit the site is monitored and checked and also in order to ensure the special protection for children and women for at all time. 3.2 Water Sanitation Hygiene and Health Findings: Water, sanitation, hygiene and health are very challenging for affected people because they have lived in unorganised and unhealthy areas. Most of the camps are the public areas as school, pagoda, military building and trees which limited to water sources, sanitation services, and health care service. According to focus group discussion, there are some critical issues which remain in water, sanitation and health sector: limited water sources and available latrine which lead to health problems such as diarrhea, cholera, cold, and fever. Each camp does not have sufficiency water sources for drinking water and water sources because each camp has maximum one well/pump and pond/stream and rotated water tank supported by Caritas (water tank) and PCDM (water and transportation). The refugees do not have enough drinking water for daily assumption because they received only 5-6 litters per/person/day and there are only some of them have bucket for water storage. According to observation, the water sources are about 200 – 300 meter from the camp and women are responsible to carry the water from those sources.
The refugees are able to access to latrine only those who have stay in public buildings like schools and pagoda but the latrine are not served all the population of the refugees. Inadequate solid waste and wastewater management lead each camp to become unorganized and dirty. Moreover, most of the people have limited understand to sanitation regarding washing hand, the impacts of defection in forest and nearby the camps. There are about 0-2 latrines in each camp are available but they are not sufficient and some do not work. Currently, there is bad smell around the camps.
According to interviewing, there are about 80% have diarrhea because they drink unclean and unboiled water. Moreover, there are some people have fever, cold, vomit which caused from the limited to water sources for water use and drinking water and limited health care services. General Recommendations Restoration of water sources: to restore households’ ability to cook, to return to clean and hygienic living conditions, and to reduce illness, they need access to sufficient safe water. Lack of water sources includes community wells, pond, boreholes and the river in the camp areas. Response team should respond: 1) Distribution of water purification systems and 2) Install or built of water sources with the following objectives: § Reduce distance traveled to collect water § Sufficient water for HHs use (drinking, cooking, bathing, washing) § Water for drinking and HHs use is safe Recommendations for Emergency Response in Short-term The assessment team has observed and been suggested by the most victims for consideration immediately responds as the followings below:
Recommendations for Long-term
3.3 Shelter Schools, pagoda and public areas have converted to shelters. The located camps are in two pagoda, two school, and two military building and threes. However, there is not enough shelters that allows affected families to live in a good conditions by individual household because there about 5-6 families in a tent (4m x 6m). Majority of women and children are very challenge to the current situation as they have to live mixing together with boys, girls, women, and men. The organization of shelter in the camp remains complicate to manage and mixing among villages. Therefore, there are some critical issues which have happened such as no privacy for women and girl and possible risks include harassment and gender sensitivity and violence. Currently, there are not enough tents in response to the needs that allow people to be able to live separately by their individual household. Moreover, unclean and unorganized camp lead to health issue.
Recommendations: - Need to find available place for relocation especially people in the school buildings - As an alternative, use mobile shelter for their temporary use and should collected when the situation is better off - Organize the cam: Classify by village and separate households. - At least 1-2 tent (4m x 6m) for a family (as roof and mat) for immediate responses - The distance between shelters should be 2 meters - Camp management and operation based 3.4 Food Security and Nutrition Findings: Food is the most challenging for evacuated families because they left home with nothing. Moreover, local market and mobile markets are normally functioning with stable price but the markets located at the conflict area were closed and they goods’ price were increasing doubly. In addition, most of evacuated families are military’s families depending on only government monthly salary with 22 kg of rice/month. Since the war started till assessment day (10 Feb 2011), the evacuated families have received relief from various institutions both government and IOs /NGOs, the kits included tent, rice, drinking water, instant noodle, mat, blanket, mosquito net, and etc.. However, the food is last only for 10-20 days, the food do not contain enough nutrition because they eat less vegetables, meet, fat, and sugar. There is also a problem for the new comers because they have not received any relief yet due to poor registration system. So far the food has been distributed by CRC, Government, Caritas Cambodia; therefore; each family at least got 10-50 kg for immediate help.
Even, they have received rice and other food items but the cooking utensils are still in need because they are not able to afford those things. Livelihoods groups of the affected such as motor taxi, petty trade, selling local cakes, vegetable planting, produce local with wine, charcoal producer, thatch weaving, livestock raising and selling labour completely loss of their daily income due to crisis. These people spend daily income for food all year round especially rice as they did not cultivate rice and own any rice fields. Affected families especially women are worry about their productive assets such as draught animals, rice seeds and stock, chickens, dugs and farming product which left at their home village. General Recommendations: Short term
Medium and long term
3.5 Education and Communication Findings: Two schools have converted to be shelter and closed. Pre-school impacts: there are 4 schools closed, 225 students did not attend the schools (54.27% of total students in the province) and 4 primary schools schools closed, affected to 29% of total students in province. Recommendations: Short term recommendation (1-2 weeks) - To have a safety mobile school in Cham Khsan district - To have mobile school for children and kids for temporary - To have mobile teacher in all mobile school in camp Medium term recommendation (1 month) School management system: - School site - Teacher - School materials - Classroom materials - Leaflet Long term recommendation (3 months) Monitoring and coordination - School site - Teacher - School materials - Classroom materials - Leaflet - Mainstreaming self protection in emergency into curriculum IV. Action taken to address food and nutrition issues By 10 Feb 2011, there are many institution have taken emergency response, they are as below: Ø Oxfam:
Ø Caritas Cambodia:
Each house hold received rice 25 Kg; one mosquito net; one blanket; one Krama, one sarong, one sleeping mate and two set of clothes. Ø Government: Governor from Battambang and Siem Reab distributed to 400 HHs in Takeung School. Each house hold reviewed 120,000 R, 31 Kg of rice, 75 instant noodles, 2 bottle of soy fish, 2 bottle of soy source, 2 Kg of prahoc, 12 bottle of drinking water and 8 fish cans. Ø Cambodian Red Cross:
Each house hold received 25 Kg of rice, 30 packages of instant noodle, one blanket, one sarong, one kramar, 8 fish can, 1 Kg of salt, 2 bottle of soy source, 12 bottle of drinking water and one jacket. Ø Department of Health:
Ø Organisation working for IDP
Appendix:
Press ReleaseASEAN, UN and USAID conduct major international exercise to prepare for severe pandemic(Phnom Penh, 10 August 2010) The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), the United Nations and the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID), will shortly host a pandemic preparedness and response exercise focusing on managing the impacts of severe pandemics on societies, governments and organisations in the Southeast Asian region. The exercise, which is a first of its kind anywhere in the world, will take place in Phnom Penh, Cambodia on 16-20 August 2010. It is expected to attract over 170 high-level participants from governments, UN agencies, international bodies and non-governmental organisations. The unprecedented event aims to improve the capabilities of ASEAN Member States, both individually and collectively, to prepare for and respond to a severe pandemic with potentially devastating effects on the region. The exercise also sets out to improve multisectoral preparedness and response at the country, regional and global level among the Member States and other international actors. A severe pandemic could have hugely damaging effects on the Southeast Asia region. While many countries are engaged in meeting such a threat, much of the focus in the past has been on health area preparedness. ASEAN Members States increasingly recognize that non-health sectors can also be gravely affected, impeding a government’s capacity to respond to a pandemic. This thinking has led to the need to come together to identify the gaps in pandemic preparedness, and to strengthen collaboration and coordination among Member States. In expressing his appreciation for the event and emphasizing its importance, the Secretary-General of ASEAN, Dr. Surin Pitsuwan, said that ‘the table-top exercise will help us fulfill the wishes of our ASEAN leaders for our region to be ready in times of pandemics. We will use the exercise to identify our gaps in pandemic preparedness and prepare for a regional pandemic preparedness plan as called for in the ASEAN Socio-Cultural Community Blueprint. Lessons learnt from this exercise can be used not only for cases of pandemics but also for other severe events affecting our region, such as natural disasters.’ Dr. Nhim Vanda, Senior Minister, First Vice President, National Committee for Disaster Management, Royal Government of Cambodia, emphasized the value of the event to the region; ‘Cambodia was one of the first countries in Southeast Asia to focus its preparedness efforts on non-health sectors. This event provides the opportunity to bring the multisector preparedness focus to a regional level and set an example that can be followed on a global front.’ The transboundary nature of pandemics means that they seldom remain isolated within a single country. Effective regional arrangements are imperative to ensure the continuity of operations and subsequent security of a country during a pandemic. The pandemic preparedness and response exercise aims to strengthen these arrangements. The ‘Southeast Asia Regional Multisectoral Pandemic Preparedness and Response Table Top Exercise: Managing the Impact of Pandemics on Societies, Governments and Organisations’, is being funded with support from the USAID. For more information, please contact:
Southeast Asia Regional Multisectoral Pandemic Preparedness & Response Tabletop Exercise: Managing the Impact of Pandemics on Societies, Governments and Organizations ————————————————————————————- AHI Control and Preparedness Emergency Project – Project Launch
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